🇨🇿 捷克 × 03 休假與國定假日
B 置信度
最後驗證：2026-04-10
內部參考用途 — 未經法務審查，個案請諮詢勞工關係專員。
信賴度標記：
🟢 法條明文
🟡 官方解釋
🟠 實務見解
🔴 存疑／待查
HR 快速摘要
關鍵數字
- Work on a public holiday: 100% premium on top of regular pay, or compensatory time off
- | Days 1–14 | Employer | 60% of reduced average earnings (from day 1) |
- | Day 15+ | State (sickness insurance) | 60% of daily assessment base |
- 🟡 — As of 2024, the 3-day waiting period has been abolished; employers pay 60% of reduced average earnings from day 1 through day 14. State sickness insurance (ČSSZ) takes over from day 15.
- | Benefit | 70% of daily assessment base (paid by social insurance) |
雇主必做
- 與 Hungary：🔶 差異 — Czech has more public holidays and longer maternity leave; Hungary has age-based annual leave scaling.
注意風險
- 🟢Provide at least 4 weeks (20 days) annual leave for private sector
- 🟢Allow at least 2 consecutive weeks as a block
- 🟢Notify leave schedule 14 days in advance
- 🟢Pay 100% premium for public holiday work
主要法源
- Zákoník práce (Labor Code No. 262/2006 Sb.)
- Act on Sickness Insurance (No. 187/2006 Sb.)
休假與假日 — Czech Republic (捷克)
Applicable law: Zákoník práce (Labor Code No. 262/2006 Sb.).
Currency: CZK.
EU context: EU Directive 2003/88/EC guarantees 4 weeks (20 days) minimum annual leave. Czech law meets this minimum; many employers exceed it.
1. 主要法源
| 法源 | 相關條文 | 標籤 |
|---|---|---|
| Zákoník práce | §211–223 (annual leave), §191–199 (obstacles to work), §115–118 (public holidays) | 🟢 |
| Act on Sickness Insurance (No. 187/2006 Sb.) | Sick leave benefits | 🟢 |
| Government list of public holidays | 13 public holidays per year | 🟢 |
2. 核心規定
2.1 年假 (Annual Leave)
🟢 — §212–213:
| Category | Entitlement |
|---|---|
| Private sector (minimum) | 4 weeks (20 working days) |
| Public sector / state employees | 5 weeks (25 working days) |
| Teachers / academic staff | 8 weeks (40 working days) |
- Calculation based on hours (not days) since 2021 amendment: weekly working hours x 4 (or 5)
- Part-time employees receive proportional entitlement
- Eligibility: after 60 days of continuous employment; new employees accrue 1/12 per month worked
🟠 — 5 weeks annual leave is very common in the private sector (offered as a benefit by most medium/large employers).
2.2 年假排定與使用 (Scheduling & Use)
🟢 — §217–218:
- Employer determines the schedule of leave, taking into account employee requests and operational needs
- Must notify employee at least 14 days in advance
- Employer must allow employee to take at least 2 consecutive weeks as a block
- Unused leave carries over to the following year; must be used by June 30 of the next year
- If employer fails to schedule carried-over leave by June 30, employee may determine the timing themselves
2.3 國定假日 (Public Holidays)
🟢 — 13 public holidays per year:
| Date | Holiday |
|---|---|
| Jan 1 | New Year's Day / Day of Restoration of Czech Independence |
| Good Friday | Moveable |
| Easter Monday | Moveable |
| May 1 | Labour Day |
| May 8 | Liberation Day |
| Jul 5 | Saints Cyril and Methodius Day |
| Jul 6 | Jan Hus Day |
| Sep 28 | Czech Statehood Day |
| Oct 28 | Independent Czechoslovak State Day |
| Nov 17 | Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day |
| Dec 24 | Christmas Eve |
| Dec 25 | Christmas Day |
| Dec 26 | St. Stephen's Day |
- Work on a public holiday: 100% premium on top of regular pay, or compensatory time off
2.4 病假 (Sick Leave)
🟢 — §192–194 + Act No. 187/2006 Sb.:
| Period | Payer | Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Days 1–14 | Employer | 60% of reduced average earnings (from day 1) |
| Day 15+ | State (sickness insurance) | 60% of daily assessment base |
🟡 — As of 2024, the 3-day waiting period has been abolished; employers pay 60% of reduced average earnings from day 1 through day 14. State sickness insurance (ČSSZ) takes over from day 15.
- Maximum sick leave duration: generally 380 days
- Employee must submit medical certificate
2.5 產假與育嬰假 (Maternity & Parental Leave)
🟢 — §195–198:
Maternity leave (mateřská dovolená):
| 項目 | 內容 |
|---|---|
| Duration | 28 weeks (37 weeks for multiple births) |
| Start | 6–8 weeks before due date |
| Minimum after birth | 6 weeks |
| Benefit | 70% of daily assessment base (paid by social insurance) |
Paternity leave (otcovská):
| 項目 | 內容 |
|---|---|
| Duration | 14 days (2 weeks) |
| Timing | Within 6 weeks of birth |
| Benefit | 70% of daily assessment base |
| Eligibility | 3 months of social insurance contributions |
Parental leave (rodičovská dovolená):
| 項目 | 內容 |
|---|---|
| Duration | Until child turns 3 years old |
| Benefit | Parental allowance up to CZK 350,000 total (distributed flexibly) |
| Both parents | Either parent may take; can alternate |
| Job protection | Employer must hold the position |
2.6 其他假別 (Other Leave Types)
🟢 — §199–200 (personal obstacles to work):
| Type | Duration | Pay |
|---|---|---|
| Marriage (own) | 2 days (1 for ceremony + 1) | Paid |
| Marriage (child) | 1 day | Paid |
| Death of spouse/child | 3 days + 1 for funeral | Paid |
| Death of parent | 2 days (1 if not arranging funeral) | Paid |
| Moving | 2 days (own need), 1 day (employer's need) | Employer's need: paid |
| Blood donation | Time necessary | Paid (average earnings) |
| Medical examination | Time necessary | Paid |
🟠 — Many employers provide additional leave (e.g., "sick days" / personal days) as benefits, typically 3–5 days/year.
3. 立法理由與實務見解
年假計算改革 (2021)
The shift from day-based to hour-based annual leave calculation ensures fair treatment of part-time and irregular-schedule workers.
EU Directive 對比
| Provision | EU Directive | Czech Law |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum annual leave | 4 weeks | 4 weeks (meets) |
| Public holidays | Not specified | 13 days |
| Maternity leave | 14 weeks (Directive 92/85) | 28 weeks (exceeds) |
| Paternity leave | 10 days (Directive 2019/1158) | 14 days (exceeds) |
實務灰色地帶
- Carry-over enforcement: Employers sometimes pressure employees to "forfeit" unused leave — this is contrary to EU law (CJEU case law)
- Sick day culture: Many employers offer informal "sick days" to reduce short-term sick leave abuse
4. 雇主合規重點
- 🟢Provide at least 4 weeks (20 days) annual leave for private sector
- 🟢Allow at least 2 consecutive weeks as a block
- 🟢Notify leave schedule 14 days in advance
- 🟢Pay 100% premium for public holiday work
- 🟢Pay sick leave compensation from day 1 through day 14
- 🟢Hold position during maternity/parental leave
- 🟠Carry over unused leave; ensure use by June 30 next year
- 🟠Track hour-based leave calculations for part-time workers
5. 與其他轄區的關聯
| 比較面向 | 捷克 | 匈牙利 |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum annual leave | 4 weeks (20 days) | 20 days (increasing with age to 30) |
| Public holidays | 13 | 11 |
| Maternity leave | 28 weeks | 24 weeks |
| Paternity leave | 14 days | 5 days |
| Parental leave | Until child is 3 | Until child is 3 |
| Sick leave (employer pays) | First 14 days | First 15 days |
- 與 Hungary：🔶 差異 — Czech has more public holidays and longer maternity leave; Hungary has age-based annual leave scaling.
6. 風險警示
- 🔴Forfeiting annual leave: EU law prohibits; employer must ensure leave is taken
- 🟡Insufficient maternity/parental protection: Termination during protected period → reinstatement + damages
- 🟡Sick leave abuse: Employer may request inspection but cannot unilaterally terminate for frequent sick leave
7. 資料來源清單
- Zákoník práce (No. 262/2006 Sb.) — Czech legislation portal
- Vacation Tracker — Czech Republic Leave Laws
- Boundless — Annual Leave in Czech Republic
- Accace — Labour law in Czech Republic 2025
- Grafton — Maternity and Paternity Leave
- Skuad — Czech Republic Leave Policy 2025
8. 待確認事項
- 🟡 — Sick leave day 1–14 confirmed: 3-day waiting period abolished as of 2024; employer pays 60% from day 1
- 🔴 — Whether the CZK 350,000 parental allowance cap has been increased for 2025/2026
- 🔴 — Flexi-amendment impact on unlimited fixed-term replacements for maternity/parental leave positions
待確認事項：2 項 （詳見內文 §8）